Figure of Speech Definition and Examples

In common usage, a figure of speech is a word or phrase that means something more or something other than it seems to say—the opposite of a  literal  expression. As Professor Brian Vickers has observed, It is a sad proof of the decline of rhetoric that in modern colloquial English the phrase a figure of speech has come to mean something false, illusory or insincere. In rhetoric, a figure of speech is a type of figurative language (such as metaphor, irony, understatement, or anaphora) that departs from conventional word  order or meaning. Some common figures of speech are  alliteration, anaphora, antimetabole, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, hyperbole, irony, metonymy, onomatopoeia, paradox, personification, pun, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. 1:15 Watch Now: Common Figures of Speech Explained Just a Figure of Speech: The Lighter Side Following are a few figures of speech that are a bit tongue in cheek. Mr. Burns, American History X-cellent,  The Simpsons, 2010 Break a leg, everyone (to a passing employee). I said break a leg. (The employee then breaks his own leg with a hammer.) My God, man! That was a  figure of speech. Youre fired! Peter Falk and Robert Walker, Jr., Mind Over Mayhem, Columbo, 1974 Lieutenant Columbo: So you had an hour to kill before you had to get back to the airport. Dr. Neil Cahill: I take it you mean to use that phrase, to kill. You mean that literally. Lieutenant Columbo: No, I was just using a figure of speech. Im not making an accusation. Jonathan Baumbach, My Father More or Less, Fiction Collective, 1982 What if there were a gun to your head, what would you say?Whose gun are you thinking of putting to my head?It was just a figure of speech, for Gods sake. You dont have to be so literal about it.Its only a figure of speech when you dont have a gun in your possession. Carmen Carter et al., Doomsday World (Star Trek: The Next Generation, No. 12), 1990 Yes, said Coleridge. The new Commercial Trading Hall....The emptiest building in town, gentlemen. If there are twenty people in it at any given time, Ill eat my tricorder on the spot.Data looked at the archaeologist, and  Geordi caught the look. Thats  only a figure of speech, Data. She doesnt really intend to eat it.The android nodded. I am familiar with the expression, Geordi. Metaphor as a Figure of Thought A  metaphor  is a  trope  or  figure of speech,  in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common, as these quotes show. Ning Yu, Imagery, Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996 In its broad sense, a metaphor is not only a figure of speech but also a figure of thought. It is a mode of apprehension and a means of perceiving and expressing something in a radically different way. In such a sense, figurative images are not simply decorative but serve to reveal aspects of experience in a new light. Teddy Roosevelt and the Treasure of Ursa Major, adapted by Ronald Kidd from the play by Tom Isbell, 2008 Reaching into her pocket, [Ethel] pulled out the paper, held it in the moonlight, and read, Beneath this brilliant metaphor will there treasure be.Whats a metaphor? I asked.Ethel said, Its a word that compares one thing to another, to show how they might be alike. Well, I said, if the metaphor is brilliant, maybe its the chandelier.They stared at me. I dont know why. If you ask me, the clue had seemed pretty obvious. You know, said Kermit, I think Archie is right. He turned to Ethel. I cant believe I just said that. Simile As Another Kind of Comparison A simile is a figure of speech  in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by  like  or  as, as these quotes demonstrate. Donita K. Paul, Two Tickets to the Christmas Ball, 2010 Whats a simile? asked Sandy. She looked to Cora for an answer. When you compare something to something else to get a better picture of it in your head. The clouds look like cotton balls. The edge of the snow shovel is sharp like a knife. Jay Heinrichs,  Word Hero: A Fiendishly Clever Guide to Crafting the Lines That Get Laughs, 2011 The simile is a metaphor that gives itself away. The moon is a balloon: thats a metaphor. The moon is like a balloon:  thats a simile. Oxymoron as an Apparent Contradiction An  oxymoron  is a figure of speech usually one or two words in which  seemingly  contradictory terms appear side by side. Bradley Harris Dowden, Logical Reasoning,  1993 A contradiction in terms is also called an oxymoron. Debates are often started by asking whether a term is an oxymoron. For example, is artificial intelligence an oxymoron? Jokes are often based in oxymorons; is military intelligence an oxymoron? Dianne Blacklock, False Advertising, 2007 Her husband got hit by a bus. What was Gemma supposed to say? More to the point, what did Helen want to hear? Well, said Gemma, going to sit on the bed beside Helen, who looked a little taken aback as she shifted to make room. You cant have an accident on purpose, Gemma went on. Thats an oxymoron. If there was intent, it wasnt an accident. I guess Im wondering if there isnt hidden intent in everything we do, said Helen. Hyperbole As Exaggeration Hyperbole is a figure of speech  in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect. Steve Atinsky, Tyler on Prime Time, 2002 ï » ¿Samantha and I sat in chairs that had been set up near the table. Whats hyperbole? I asked her. Its a fancy way of saying bull. Thomas S. Kane, The New Oxford Guide to Writing, 1988 Mark Twain was a master of hyperbole, as he reveals in this description of a tree after an ice storm: [I]t stands there the acme, the climax, the supremest possibility in art or nature, of bewildering, intoxicating, intolerable magnificence. One cannot make the words strong enough. Understatement as Beauty...or Sarcasm Understatement, the opposite of hyperbole, is a figure of speech  in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. Fiona Harper, English Lord, Ordinary Lady, 2008 She read what [Will] was going to say in his eyes before the words left his lips. I love you.So simple. No frills, no grandiose gestures. It was so Will. Suddenly, she understood the beauty of understatement. Steph Swainston, No Present Like Time, 2006 [Serein] sat in the doorway, legs out onto the half deck, huddling in his greatcoat. Comet, he said. You werent well. Is that understatement a new type of sarcasm youre experimenting with? Just a Figure of Speech: The Clichà © A  clichà ©Ã‚  is a  trite expression whose effectiveness has been worn out through overuse and excessive familiarity. David Punter, Metaphor, 2007 [I]t is interesting that the phrase just a figure of speech has become a clichà ©, as if for something to be a figure of speech in some way downgrades it. It may not be going too far to say that there is a certain denial going on in this view; that it is more convenient and comfortable to pretend that there are some speech forms which do not use figures of speech and thus give us access to a solid, incontrovertible perception of the real, in contrast to which the figure of speech is in some way abstracted, lacking in purchase. Laura Toffler-Corrie, The Life and Opinions of Amy Finawitz, 2010 Im quite sure he doesnt really think you have been abducted by aliens. It was just a figure of speech, like Oh, shes just little Miss Sunshine or What a clown. When you use expressions like that (which I totally never do), it doesnt mean a person is really an inhumanly hot solar ball or that theyre a member of the circus. Its not literal. Further Reading For more and deeper information on figures of speech, you can explore the following: Brief Introductions to 30 Figures of SpeechFigure of Sound  and  Figure of ThoughtLiterally and Figuratively: Commonly Confused Words100 Awfully Good Examples of Oxymorons100 Sweet SimilesThe 10 Greatest Hyperboles of All TimeTop 20 Figures of Speech

Annotated Bibliography On Text Copyright - 8931 Words

Main Title Subtitle Lorianne Shay Text Copyright  © Lorianne Shay All rights reserved. No part of this guide may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Legal Disclaimer Legal Disclaimer The information contained in this book is not designed to replace or take the place of any form of medicine or professional medical advice. The information in this book has been provided for educational and entertainment purposes only. The information contained in this book has been compiled from sources deemed reliable, and it is accurate to the best of the Author s knowledge; however, the Author cannot guarantee its accuracy and validity and cannot be held liable for any errors or omissions. Changes are periodically made to this book. You must consult your doctor or get professional medical advice before using any of the suggested remedies, techniques, or information in this book. Upon using the information contained in this book, you agree to hold harmless the Author from and against any damages, costs, and expenses, including any legal fees potentially resulting from the application of any of the information provided by this guide. This disclaimer applies to any damages or injury caused by the use and application, whether directly or indirectly, of any advice or information presented, whether for breach of contract, tort, negligence, personal injury, criminal intent, orShow MoreRelatedEssay on How To Write Using the APA Writing Style1597 Words   |  7 Pagesdouble-spaced and a single paragraph around 150 to 250 words. Keywords may be listed to help researchers find ones work in databases. This should be done by centering the text Keyword (italicized) and then list the main keywords. The body of an APA paper Come back to. A literature review is a type of APA paper that summarizes a scientific text about ones topic or question. 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Stipends for College Athletes Free Essays

string(99) " or job field in this country would such a compensation to revenue ratio be considered acceptable\." It’s about time: Stipends for College Athletes Imagine being a college football star and finding out that a jersey representing your school with your name and number on the back is not only selling for $110 in stores nationally, but it is profiting higher than some professional sports jerseys. Now, imagine that you as that student-athlete will not be making a single penny off your institution using your name for monetary profit. Why you ask? Because according to the governing body of collegiate sports, the National Collegiate Athletic Association or NCAA, this would be considered an act that would bring an athlete out of his amateur status. We will write a custom essay sample on Stipends for College Athletes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet, it is okay to exploit that athlete’s talents as if he or she were a professional athlete and not compensate him or her. The NCAA started off as a small organization whose first objective was to solve an injury crisis in college football. However, with a growing governing power came more change. In 1852, Collegiate competition or â€Å"sport† made its debut in the form of a regatta race between Harvard and Yale (â€Å"Intercollegiate History of NCAA† 1). Soon after came the establishment of baseball and collegiate football. In the beginning, competition and funding was organized through student-run campaigns, and school officials had very little control over the intercollegiate sports movement. However, in 1905, after a number of deaths and serious injuries occurred to students playing collegiate football, a group of school officials were summoned together to make a Kastel 2 series of rules that would emphasize safety within the sport. Just five years later in 1910, this group became established and came to be known as the NCAA (â€Å"History of Intercollegiate Athletics† 1). As the years progressed, the NCAA established sanctions not just for football but all sports. Most notably in 1950, the NCAA established that â€Å"Students could be awarded scholarships based on their athletic ability, but the funds had to be administered by the financial aid office, not the athletic department. The amount was limited to tuition and fees, and payments from sources outside the university (e. g. , alumni boosters) were banned. † (qtd in â€Å"History of Intercollegiate Athletics† 2). NCAA officials wanted to stress that there was a clear line that needed to be drawn between a student athlete’s main goal of pursuit towards higher education and the distracting blue elephant in the room of their college sports teams operating like that of a professional organization. Hence, the term â€Å"amateurism†. On amateurism, the NCAA stated that â€Å"student-athletes shall be amateurs †¦ and should be protected from exploitation by professional and commercial enterprises,† ( â€Å"2011-12 NCAA Division I Manual† 1). Although the original intentions of this bylaw were to make sure professionalism in sport didn’t deter athletes away from higher education, too much has changed within intercollegiate sports for the same standards to apply today. The NCAA’s goal was too make sure these young players continued along their famous â€Å"amateurism† tagline, but we see them featured as unstoppable super heroes throwing down monstrous one handed dunks or making bone crushing tackles in commercials advertising for games as if they were professionals. The very Kastel 3 rganization controlling college sports has in itself become the exploiter of athletes in its own commercial pursuits. With this exploitation comes a very large elephant in the room spraying water at the American public from its trunk. The huge discrepancy between the monetary value of a scholarship the NCAA provides players with and the actual profits it generates from the player’s efforts is astounding. Although t he profit rapidly increases with college sports popularity, the benefits student athletes receive stay constant. The largest financial rewards a student athlete can receive for their athletic contributions are the benefits of free room and board, tuition, and a food plan. If we take the cost of these factors over the student athletes’ time at their institution, compared to the hundreds of billions of dollars generated in revenue from the NCAA we see something similar to Nike and their illegal sweatshop industry. It’s time for change to take place, college athletes should be rewarded like the professionals in the NCAA and conferences across the country market them to be. College athletes should receive stipends because there is a large discrepancy between what college athletes are worth and how much they are given, because athletic scholarships do not cover the full cost of living, and because the operation, money, and industry associated with college athletics is too great to still be titled â€Å"amateur†. The popularity of college sports and its value to entertainment is skyrocketing. The NCAA is the head organization in control of a hundred billion dollar industry. The disgusting disparity arrives at the difference between what Kastel 4 college athletes are rewarded with and the actual revenues the NCAA is collecting. For this discrepancy college athletes need to be rewarded for their effort and should be given stipends. Television broadcasting contracts, shoe and apparel deals, and commercial advertising rake in billions of dollars for the NCAA because of the participation of college students in sports. Last year alone, the NCAA’s total revenue was $777 million. Although the NCAA claims that 98 cents to every dollar is redistributed back into schools athletic programs for things like student services for athletes and athletic funding, it just so happens that there was a $29 million surplus which was claimed by the NCAA as â€Å"reserve† in 2010 (â€Å"Expenses vs. Revenue† 1). Apparently, saving up your change is beneficial. I never knew two-cent increments could lead to tens of millions of dollars. Such revenue comes from things like its newly acquired 14 year/$11 billion dollar deal with CBS-Turner over broadcasting rights for the NCAA tournament (O’Toole 1). It is kind of like a major motion picture company producing one of the highest generating films in history and letting its actors know that they won’t be receiving a financial reward for their contributions, but the work experience they are receiving should suffice. In no other industry or job field in this country would such a compensation to revenue ratio be considered acceptable. You read "Stipends for College Athletes" in category "Papers" They serve the title â€Å"amateurism† to American college athletes on a big plate of propaganda. In 2008, the NCAA teamed up with IMG College to lease its rights out to video game king Electronic Arts, making games such as NCAA Football and NCAA Basketball using the likeness of players they sold over 2. 5 million copies (Branch 1). The student athletes that were featured on these games had their Kastel 5 numbers reflected accurately, their physical attributes like race, hair style, and even their athletic prowess such as their speed, strength, passing/blocking/catching abilities all accurately associated with their real abilities in order to ensure players of the video games could maneuver round the field like their favorite college superstar. There isn’t anything â€Å"amateur† about exploiting college student athlete’s likeliness in a video game for profit; the double standard is disgusting. However, the NCAA isn’t the only one caught with their arm elbow deep in the cookie jar. Such conferences such as the SEC, ACC, and the BIG 10 are generating bi llion dollar contracts for individual television networks while student-athletes are being kept in the dark for their contributions. For instance, the SEC conference will be earning $55 million over 15 years from a CBS deal, and a 15 year deal with ESPN that cashes out to $150 million (â€Å"Winners and Losers† 1). Despite the players being the ones who are generating the audiences, none of these profits from the NCAA or the conferences are being returned back to the students directly. In fact, if we were to try to mathematically calculate the value of how much an athletes room and board fees come out to divided by the amount of time they actually put into being an athlete most are living just above, if not below, the poverty line. For example, a recent study found Duke University basketball players based upon their generated revenue for the school to be worth $1,025,650 . Yet, after calculation (scholarship value / number of hours each puts in) they were found to be living just $732 above the poverty line (â€Å"Research-NCPA† 1). After being worth over one million dollars to their university, they are only rewarded approximately a $200,000 education. Kastel 6 Current college athletes and those from the past are starting to realize this exploitation more and more especially as profit from television deals and sponsorships become more lucrative. Almost every month the American public is presented with a new story of how a college athlete unfairly received either a monetary reward or a free service because of his athletic talents. We get mad at the young athletes and criticize them for such actions but can we really blame them? They are superstars generating attention, money, and huge popularity to their institutions and they aren’t receiving anything different than the kid slapping together the cymbals after every touchdown. College athletes are taking gifts and money because they are becoming aware of the NCAA’s exploitation and on top of that most of their scholarships don’t even cover their full cost of living. In the perfect world, when watching our favorite college athletes on TV we like to imagine that they came from strong households with parents who paid for their training and had all the opportunities to be successful. We would like to think the tattooed face of a little girl on our favorite college point guard’s arm is just his little sister not his daughter who he thinks about trying to send enough money too every week. Fact of the matter is, college athletes across the country have a variety of circumstances that consume any opportunities for extra money. Things like coming from broken home families, having children at home, or coming from a low economic neighborhoods cause many student athletes to stress over where their next dollar could come from. Things like clothes, gas, toiletries, amenities, fun activities, extra food for the room, or a meal away from dining hall are all things that Kastel 7 are essential to have money for in college. However, college athletes can only be awarded a scholarship. It bewilders America when we hear of cases of college athletes accepting sums of money under the table in what is becoming an increasingly large black market. However, this happens all the time. We only hear about the ones who get caught. Yet, the players aren’t the ones to blame. According to a study conducted by Drexel University Department of Sport Management, the average scholarship shortfall, or what the average student athlete had to spend out of his own pocket in 2010-11, was approximately $3,222 (â€Å"Research-NCPA† 2). When the scholarships we have don’t cover the student-athletes full cost of living how do we expect them to be able to pay for the necessities of living? If a player has been out of gas for three weeks and is out of toiletries can we really blame him from accepting cash in a handshake from a booster? College athletes’ time is consumed by their sports. According to a survey conducted with 21,000 Division I, II, and III athletes, â€Å"Football players in the NCAA’s Division I Bowl Subdivision (formerly known as Division I-A) said they spent an average of 44. hours a week on their sport — playing games, practicing, training and in the training room — compared with a little less than 40 hours on academics† (qtd. in Wieberg 1). This staggering statistic reveals that college athletes are actually spending more of their time on their sport then their actual school work. It is even more staggering when the NCAA’s bylaw requires that student a thletes only spend 20 hours a week on their sport. With these types of time commitments and dedication to their sports, college athletes don’t have time to have a job. This dilemma intensifies the problem of Kastel 8 aving a scholarship shortfall. If there are necessary things to pay for and athletes don’t have the necessary time to work where is the money supposed to come from? College athletes should receive a stipend of $2,500 a semester to ensure that any necessary cost outside of their scholarship can be covered. By introducing this stipend the number of NCAA infractions relating to athletes taking money will dramatically decrease due to the fact that they won’t need to anymore. One might say that this would anger regular students who do not receive such benefits. However, according to one statistical survey taken by 458 college students, 58% of them believed that college athletes deserved to receive stipends (â€Å"College Students Perceptions† 1). This study demonstrates that not only would regular students not be upset by college athletes receiving the reward they deserve, but in fact they recognize the need for it. By offering something to college athletes (scholarship) which still requires them to spend such a large sum out of their own pockets we are basically tempting them to fall into the illegal activities of the black market and potentially jeopardize their academic futures. Stipends must be rewarded and reform is necessary now. The NCAA cannot expect a player with a hungry child at home to refuse money from a booster, just as it cannot place the term â€Å"amateurism† around an industry it exploited to be so focused around money. The NCAA suggests that if we were to provide college student athletes with stipends it would take away the â€Å"wholeness† that college sports still represent by replacing their â€Å"amateur† title with that of â€Å"professionalism†. However, college sports which once symbolized the unselfish competitive spirit of America and were Kastel 9 nce run by student led organizations with no influence from school officials or corrupt institutions have already become a capital venture. This is not because of the introduction of a stipend reward system, but rather because the money, operation, and industry the NCAA created around college sports has made it too professional in its financial pursuits to be co nsidered â€Å"amateur†. The term â€Å"amateurism† is no longer fit to represent college sports but rather a propaganda add by the NCAA to allow them to continue their exploitive efforts. One of the largest indications of the pursuit of this commercial enterprise is the unbelievable amount of money that college coaches are being paid. In 2010, Alabama coach Nick Saban committed to a contract that would pay him $4 million dollars a season (Low 1). Most FBS Division 1 institutions athletic departments have a hard time generating any profit at all, but the NCAA allows schools to present astonishing contracts to coaches in order to point their team in the right direction. Yet, the NCAA sees a student athlete receiving a small stipend more of a venture towards professionalism than this? Another indication that college sports can no longer be placed under the â€Å"amateur† title is apparent in the evolution of college stadiums. Today the illustration of a new corporate sponsorship is apparent in almost every stadium with things like â€Å"Ohio State University’s new $105 million Schottenstein Center, 110 luxury boxes at Neyland Stadium (University of Tennessee), and the University of Michigan spending $7. 4 million to renovate Michigan Stadium† (qtd. in â€Å"College Student’s Perceptions† 2). The NCAA isn’t keeping the industry around college sports simple with basic venues and humble salaries for their coaches. Instead they Kastel 10 create something that is slowing resembling that of professional sports environments. For these exploitations the NCAA can no longer hold college athletics today to a standard of remaining â€Å"amateurism†. The industry surrounding it has far surpassed that point and it is time we reward our college athletes like the professionals we market them to be. Many people argue that even if the NCAA does come to its senses and passes a law regulating stipends for Division I institutions, Title IX implications would make it almost impossible to implement stipends. Those critics argue that if stipends were approved, Title IX would then regulate all student athletes at the school to receive stipends due to equal opportunity. The sum of money required to be able to provide every student athlete with this, critics say, would be impossible for even successful athletic departments to afford. It is correct that such a reward would be possible for schools to afford. Stipends should only be given to the top three sports that are generating the most revenue. It would create more of an incentive for programs to be successful, and it would reward student athletes of the teams who were having the greatest success. Title IX cannot be applied to the stipend system because it is outdated and needs to be reformed. Title IX was originally created for the racial movement in order to encourage what, at that time, was a change that needed to be enforced (â€Å"In Defense† 1). Today, many schools athletic departments actually lose money by trying to comply with the outdated law. In order to equally match the number of guy to girl scholarships a university might be forced to eliminate a men’s revenue generating sport such as hockey and instead Kastel 11 add a women’s sport that loses money ( â€Å"In Defense† 2). Title IX is outdated and if a stipend system is established, the top 3 revenue generating teams should receive a stipend. Whether the NCAA wants to accept it or not, their exploitive actions in pursuit of commercial profit have eliminated any sense of college sports today seeming â€Å"amateur†. Because of this exploitation it is time for college student athletes to finally receive the proper reward they have deserved for a good amount of time. College athletes should receive stipends because there is a large discrepancy between what college athletes are worth and how much they are given. This is because athletic scholarships do not cover the full cost of living, and also because the operation, money, and industry associated with college athletics is too great to still be titled â€Å"amateur†. By affording these stipends to college athletes, maybe just maybe, when that athlete walks into the store and sees that jersey with his name on the back he might be financially secure enough with his living expenses to be able to purchase it. Works Cited â€Å"2011-2012 NCAA Division I Manual (August 2011). † NCAA Manual. NCAA. org. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. Branch, Taylor. The Shame of College Sports – Magazine – The Atlantic. † The Atlantic — News and Analysis on Politics, Business, Culture, Technology, National, International, and Life – TheAtlantic. com. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. â€Å"College Students’ Perceptions On The Payment Of Intercollegiate Student-Athletes – Statistical Data Included – Page 2 | College Student Journal. † Find Articles | News Articles, Magazine Back Issues Reference Articles on All Topics. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. â€Å"History of Intercollegiate Athletics and the NCAA. † World Scientific Publishing Co. , 12 May 2009. Web. â€Å"In Defense of Collegiate Athletics: The Case Against Paying Student-Athletes – Garnet And Black Attack. † Garnet And Black Attack – For South Carolina Gamecocks Fans. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Intercollegiate History of the NCAA. † NCAA Public Home Page NCAA. org. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. Low, Chris. â€Å"Nick Saban Commits to Alabama Crimson Tide through 2017 Season – ESPN. † ESPN: The Worldwide Leader In Sports. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. O’Toole, Thomas. â€Å"NCAA Reaches 14-year Deal with CBS/Turner for Men’s Basketball Tournament, Which Expands to 68 Teams for Now. News, Travel, Weather, Entertainment, Sports, Technology, U. S. World – USATODAY. com. Web. 17 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Research | National College Players Association. † Home | National College Players Association. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Revenue Vs. Expenses. † NCAA Public Home Page – NCAA. org. Web. 17 Nov. 2011. Wieberg, Steve. â€Å"Stu dy: College Athletes Are Full-time Workers – USATODAY. com. † News, Travel, Weather, Entertainment, Sports, Technology, U. S. World – USATODAY. com. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. â€Å"Winners and Losers In SEC TV Deal. † College Gridiron 365. Web. 17 Nov. 2011. How to cite Stipends for College Athletes, Papers

Gun Control Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Gun Control Argumentative Essay Outline1 What is this article about?2 Introduction3 The Second Amendment4 The Debate5 What exactly should be done?6 Conclusion What is this article about? Nowadays gun control is a controversial problem in the USA. Politicians, scientists, and other experts actively discuss this argument and express opinions related either to a pro-gun control or to an anti-gun control position. Because of the importance and the global scale of the issue of gun control, students are often required to write argumentative essays on this topic to develop critical thinking and reveal the tendencies in public opinion. This article provides a free example of an essay on gun control. It consists of an introduction with an arguable thesis, several main body paragraphs with arguments and examples supporting the thesis, and conclusion. Introduction We will write a custom essay on Gun Control Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Everybody knows that a considerable argument over the place and role of gun control exists in America nowadays. Because of the growing number of tragedies caused by handguns, experts and authorities argue over the right to possess the gun. The main advantage of the gun is the chance for people to save themselves as they can defend themselves from danger. On the other hand, the free use of weapons is sometimes unjustified and can lead to an increase of fatal outcomes caused by violence. The fact is that the increasingly negative tendencies in America show that the policies concerning gun control should be reevaluated and reassessed. The Second Amendment A long time ago, when The United States Constitution was developed, the government constructed a set of rules regulating the most basic rights of the citizens of the United States. These rules were called amendments. They were intended to determine what is acceptable for people living in the United States and what is not. The major part of the Constitution is the second amendment. The history related to this second amendment dates back to the nineteenth century. At that time, the Framers decided to write the articles of the Constitution. The second amendment guaranteed the citizens of the United States the right to carry firearms. In particular, according to the second amendment, people are allowed to use firearms against a threat that can in some way endanger their lives. The Debate While the free use of firearms is intended to protect oneself, handguns are actually often used as the means for an attack. Statistics show that more than 31,000 deaths and much more nonfatal wounds annually are caused by the use of firearms. Unfortunately, the majority of these deaths are related to intentionally violent actions. In America, violence as a cause of fatal outcomes has been growing in recent years, and that is why the debate on gun control is even more important than ever before. People argue whether the use of firearms meets the standards of the existing laws as the number of tragedies proves the opposite. What is more, numerous experts claim that the number of tragic outcomes will be much less than what we have now in the United States if the laws regulate the use of firearms properly. Thus, people call for the government to reevaluate the role of firearms as a protective measure and as a means for an attack and to revisit the regulations of the second amendment. In particular, as the disadvantages of the free use of handguns seem to outweigh the potential advantages, certain restrictions should be developed to protect people from armed violence. The situation will improve if the government proposes certain ways of fighting the excessive gun use and finds new approaches intended to eliminate gun activity. .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .postImageUrl , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:hover , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:visited , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:active { border:0!important; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:active , .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1bcce486e016688f571810f8433c585f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Harrison bergeron 2 EssayWhat exactly should be done? As it has already been said, the number of tragedies occurring annually because of the use of firearms shows that America needs stricter laws for regulating gun activity. That is why one should understand what measures can be taken to put end to the excessive gun use with violent intentions. Nowadays, numerous gun rights groups are being created to redefine people’s rights to bear firearms under today’s circumstances. One of the major gun rights group is the National Rifle Association. The members of this group believe that guns are not the objects to be blamed for the final decision of a particular person. What is more, they state that the possibility that one person is carrying a gun is the only factor that can stop another person with a gun. These thoughts show controversy in what the use of handguns actually means to society. Thus, one should carefully reevaluate the existing laws regulating gun use and decide on whether gun control will be risky or beneficial to society at large. For this purpose, there is an importance to define the role of the past and existing regulations on gun use. In particular, the most effective gun control policies include a ban on high-capacity checks, a restriction on certain assault weapons. As for the universal background checks, this policy is rather ambiguous. It implies that all the financial, criminal, and other records of people and organizations are controlled. Particularly, the history of a person buying weapons and his/her mental state is checked. This policy is extremely important as the majority of events involving gun use with violent intentions are related to mentally ill people. Besides, people are checked on drug and alcohol consumption as these are the two factors that can reinforce violent behavior. Conclusion All things considered the permission for the weapon in the United States is a relevant issue that needs to be discussed and solved. Nowadays, as the number of tragedies involving gun use is increasing, people argue that stricter laws and regulations should be created to control gun activity. Opinions differ, and various gun rights group express significant arguments against limiting the right to carry firearms. At the same time, it seems that in this situation, the disadvantages outweigh the possible advantages. Thus, effective ways of approaching the issue of gun activity should be found. For instance, the laws should be based on the existing regulations including universal background checks, a prohibition of high-capacity checks.

Linux Networking Capabilities Essays - Memory Management

Linux Networking Capabilities Linux is a Unix clone written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX compliance. It has all the features expected in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking. It runs mainly on 386/486/586-based PCs, using the hardware facilities of the 386-processor family to implement these features. Ports to other architectures are underway. Linux is freely available, and no one is required to register their copies with any central authority, so it is difficult to know how many people use Linux. Several businesses are now surviving solely on selling and supporting Linux, and very few Linux users use those businesses, relatively speaking, and the Linux newsgroups are some of the most heavily read on the internet, so the number is likely in the hundreds of thousands, but hard numbers are hard to come by. Linux Features Multitasking. Several programs running at once. Multiuser. Several users on the same machine at once. Two-user licenses are not possible. Multiplatform. Runs on many different CPUs, not just Intel. Multiprocessor. SMP support is available on the Intel and SPARC platforms (with work currently in progress on other platforms), and Linux is used in several loosely-coupled MP applications, including Beowulf systems and the Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based supercomputer. Runs in protected mode on the 386. Memory protection between processes. So that one program can't bring the whole system down. Demand loads executables. Linux only reads from disk those parts of a program that are actually used. Shared copy-on-write pages among executables. This means that multiple process can use the same memory to run in. When one tries to write to that memory, that page (4KB piece of memory) is copied somewhere else. Copy-on-write has two benefits: increasing speed and decreasing memory use. Virtual memory using paging (not swapping whole processes) to disk. To a separate partition or a file in the filesystem, or both, with the possibility of adding more swapping areas during runtime. A total of 16 of these 128 MB swapping areas can be used at once, for a theoretical total of 2 GB of useable swap space. It is simple to increase this if necessary, by changing a few lines of source code. Unified memory pool for user programs and disk cache. So that all free memory can be used for caching, and the cache can be reduced when running large programs. Dynamically linked shared libraries (DLL's) and static libraries. Does core dumps for post-mortem analysis. Allowing the use of a debugger on a program not only while it is running but also after it has crashed. Mostly compatible with POSIX, System V, and BSD at the source level. Mostly compatible with SCO, SVR3, and SVR4 at the binary level. Through an iBCS2-compliant emulation module. All source code is available. Including the whole kernel and all drivers, the development tools and all user programs; also, all of it is freely distributable. Plenty of commercial programs are being provided for Linux without source, but everything that has been free, including the entire base operating system, is still free. POSIX job control. Pseudoterminals (pty's). 387-emulation in the kernel. So that programs don't need to do their own math emulation. Every computer running Linux appears to have a math coprocessor. Of course, if your computer already contains an FPU, it will be used instead of the emulation, and you can even compile your own kernel with math emulation removed, for a small memory gain. Support for many national or customized keyboards. It is fairly easy to add new ones dynamically. Multiple virtual consoles. Several i Computers and Internet

Sister Emmanuelle- Her Life Essays - Emmanuelle, Free Essays

Sister Emmanuelle- Her Life Essays - Emmanuelle, Free Essays Sister Emmanuelle- Her Life Sister Emmanuelle- Her Life of Accomplishments A: Summary of Sister Emmanuelles Life Sister Emmanuelle was Christened Madeleine Cinquin and was born in Brussels on the 16th of November 1908. She was one of three children to Berthe Lenssens and Jules Cinquin. Madelienes father tragically drowned when she was six during a beach side holiday. She grew up in Belgium, yet during the First World War, her mother moved them to Paris for a year, and then returned to Belgium one year later. She was taught English by a British Governess and excelled in her schoolwork. By the age of twelve, Madeleine wanted to be a nun. She was inspired by Father Damien, a Catholic Priest who helped Leprosy sufferers in Hawaii. After reading about acts of charity, Madeleine Cinquin decided to use all her efforts to helping those who were not as fortunate as she was. She joined the Order of Our Lady of Sion and changed her name to Sister Emmanuelle when she took her vows in 1923. Emmanuelle means God is with us. She taught in convent schools for well off children, but Sister Emmanuelle felt that she should use her teaching skills to educate those less fortunate children, so she discontinued teaching in Turkey and Tunisia and seeked in helping those in Egypt. A Popes representative heard of Sister Emmanuelle wishes and suggested she helped the thousands of refuse collectors known as the zabaleen in Egypt. The zabaleen, which means filth or rubbish, lived on the outskirts of Egypt at a rubbish dump called Ezbet El Nakhl. Ezbet El Nakhl was a dirty place inhabited by refuse collectors who collected the rubbish of Egypt for very little pay and lived in a poor, dirty and unhygienic place where the rubbish of Egypt was stored and sorted. The children were uneducated and had no way of entertaining themselves so they got into trouble. Sister Emmanuelle moved into Ezbet El Nakhl in 1971 and lived in a small one roomed hut with very few possessions. She was 60 years old at the time. She decided to give up her luxuries and live like the many zabaleen friends that she had made. She traveled into the city everyday at 5 oclock in the morning for mass at the city convent. Sister Emmanuelle lived with very little food and had to put up with the many problems that the zabaleen lived with, like white worms in food supplies and housing, fleas and disease. Sister Emmanuelle had not been at Ezbet El Nakhl long when she decided to open a school in her spare room. She accepted any child of any religion who was willing to learn. Sister Emmanuelle took her small class on many field trips to Egypt and for many, it was their first time into Egypt apart from collecting rubbish. She opened a school for men and many showed up to learn the Arabic alphabet. Sister Emmanuelle was desperate for a youth club and center to help the Zabaleen. She set about collecting 15 000 from the local charities and help funds around Europe. She finally achieved this two years later. A kitchen, club, pool, football field and lounge was set up for the youth of the Ezbet El Nakhl. She called it the 'Salam Center,' which is Arabic for peace. It was opened on the 29th of March in 1979 and the center also provides social, medical, cultural and educational help. When Sister Emmanuelle was satisfied with her work at Ezbet El Nakhl, she moved on to Mokkatam; a refuse collectors dump which was in worse condition than Ezbet El Nakhl. Sister Emmanuelle started the work of collecting money from charities to build a factory for composting material, which she finally achieved. Sister Emmanuelles work in the rubbish slums contributed greatly to the progress and living conditions in the refuse collectors lives. Even at 77 years of age, she was still collecting money for the refuse collectors. B. Sister Emmanuelles Christian Motivation In Sister Emanuelle's early life, she was heavily influenced by Christian faith and many Christians were her motivation. Through influential beings, Sister Emmanuelle became a person who was willing to help others and devote her skills for the needs of others. When Sister Emmanuelle was eleven,

Paper analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper analysis - Coursework Example The theory of human motivation and hierarchy of human needs influences nursing by enhancing an understanding of the individual and environmental factors of patients’ medical conditions. For example, in regards to Maslows’ safety needs, some patients go to hospital seeking to be checked whether they have contracted a bacteria from a person who was coughing or sneezing near them. This can be the fear of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a nurse can notice it using the knowledge of this theory and decide on how to reassure the patient of his or her safety (George, 2011). The theory of personality development influences nursing by strengthening nurses’ understanding of patient behavior and development. For example, locomotor theory is Erickson’s theory of personality development that can help pediatricians understand the behavior of children especially their desire to control their body functions and the environment. The theory of personality development like that of Sigmund Freud can help nurses understand sources of certain malignancies that can be evident in patients and hence they can enhances response to such patients’ conditions. Persons who are at different stages of personality development view health factors differently and nurses can use this knowledge for example to invite parent’s monitoring in a child’s condition (MacKenna & Slevin, 2008). Communication theory influences nursing by facilitating compassionate patient care through the use of words and behaviors that demonstrate care and concern for patient’s issues. The theory provides nurses with the knowledge of effective communication that they can use to obtain patient information, use it to understand the patient’s condition and give appropriate feedback. The theory can equip nurses with an understanding of the different patterns and attitudes that are an important element in interpersonal relationships. For example nurses can use the knowledge of

Simien National Park - Ethiopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Simien National Park - Ethiopia - Essay Example At the end of the paper the possible losses, recommendation and conclusion is covered. The Simien National Park is a Natural World Heritage Site. It has been added to the list of World Heritage in Danger in 1996. There were two main reasons of adding this site to the list i.e. heavy settlement and Walia ibex population decline. It is spread over the area of 13,600ha. â€Å"In northern Ethiopia on the Amhara plateau in the western Simen Mountains, 120km north-east of Gondar. Location: 13 ° 11N, 38 ° 04E. The town of Adi Arkay lies to the north, Debark, on the Gondar-Asmara highway, to the south-west and Deresge to the south east.† (The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Website) The park has jagged mountain peaks, deep valleys and precipices. This park has approximately five to ten species of endemism, seasonal Highland biome and four different types of floral vegetation due to geographic variations. The four different floristic vegetations are as follows: Afromontane forest has variety of flora and fauna. The two wet seasons of this park and its typical geographic characteristics adds to the variety of plants and vegetations. Xeromorphic adaptations are common on the high attitudes. Rare species like Walia ibex, Gelada Baboon, Simien wolf and various other species of animals and birds are natural habitants of this park. There are twenty-one species of mammals recorded for this region. Seven species of mammals are listed as endemic species. There are sixty-three species of birds including twelve endemic species. This National Park is not only important for its biodiversity, but also important for its cultural heritage. According to Hurni (1986 as cited on UNEP Website)This region has various features of 18th and 19th centuries. Kirwan (1972 as cited on UNEP Website) claims that cultivators for at least of two thousand years have inhabited Simien region. Population living within the National Park is highly depended on its natural resources.

Criminal minds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal minds - Essay Example In spite of the efforts in this direction crimes continue to exist and it can be concluded that the crimes will continue to exist and this problem can not be solved. In order to solve this problem it becomes necessary that the cause of the crimes or the reason why people commit crimes need to be analysed. Traditionally crime has been considered as associated with two domains by the specialists. The domains are the nature or the environment of the individuals including the family and the peers of the individuals. However it must be noted that these specialists belong to different fields of science as the complexity and dynamics of crime extends to different areas which are difficult to comprehend. When reference is made to the science of criminology automatically reference is made to different branches of science such as psychology, genetics, sociology etc. The main purpose of criminology is to deal with crimes and criminals and solve this social problem. As mentioned earlier the main approaches to deal with the problem of crimes and their resolution are the natural approach and the environmental approach. The environmental approach deals with the circumstances that made an individual to commit a crime and it does not consider the heredity or family background of the criminal. Whereas the natural approach is sure that the nature of the criminal, his or her genes, and heredity are the main reasons that make him/her to commit the crimes. The latest developments in genetics have been fairly successful in substantiating the environmental causes for people committing crimes and this has put away the theories about the heredity and genes being responsible for the crimes which need to be proved scientifically. The theories relating to the presupposition of the heredity and genes are ambiguous and are to be established with a scientific base before they can be taken into account. On the other hand the followers of the environmental approach also can not deny the fact that the heredity and genetic causes play an important role in shaping the character of a person. They also contribute to the committing of the crime by the individuals. It is important that environment in which a person is born and brought up is considered while studying the crimes, as such environmental factors do have a large influence on the formation of the personality of the individual and the shaping of his or her characters. Though this new approach is relatively young and new it is becoming more and more popular and deserves to be analysed thoroughly before any conclusion can be drawn from the approach. According to Wilson and Herrnstein (1985) "criminology is the study of delinquency and crime with the goal of developing a body of knowledge including all the dynamics that surround crime and criminals to assist in their understanding of the phenomenon". Thus the focus of the science of criminology is to evolve a deep understanding of crime, the reasons why people commit crimes and also the nature of the people who commit crimes namely the criminals. It is a fact that it would be difficult to understand the crimes as a social phenomenon in general and all the details of the crime in particular as it affects the society, unless the causes which make the people commit the crimes.

Satisfaction And Service Quality In Uk Budget Hotels Tourism Essay

Satisfaction And Service Quality In Uk Budget Hotels Tourism Essay The outline for the research is presented here. It includes Introduction to the topic and of the company. This is followed by Literature Review. Next comes methodology of research and then Analysis and Results. These are followed by Discussion and Recommendation. Finally the Conclusion and its contents are given. The budget hotels or low-cost hotels are in great demand today. This is because currently the world is facing the worst economic recession in decades, which has reduced the ability of people to spend on non-essential products and services like holidays. Also there have been huge cuts in the travel budgets of many firms as a result of which more and more companies are using budget hotels for business travel. Another key target market for budget hotels are the backpackers who stay in either youth hostels or budget hotels. This sentiment has been echoed by the author Fiorentino (1995) stating that budget hotels especially thrive in the recessionary environment. The author has further gone to say that, the budget hotel is not only a booming short-term phenomenon, but a major strategic development in the international hospitality industry that represents the introduction of the no-frills, purpose-designed and branded product concept in hospitality. However the quality of service and the level of satisfaction in such types of accommodation has been an area of interest for academics and hotel managers for a long time. But it is especially important in the current economic scenario and presents a great opportunity to study these. Background The concept of budget hotels originated in America but it is widely used in the developed world including the UK and many successful chains of such hotels are thriving today. Prominent amongst them are Travelodge and Premier Inn. With the exponential usage of the internet in the serach and booking of accommodation there has been an explosion of websites that offer value for money or budget accommodation and this is causing strong demand for such accommodations. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study would be explore the significance of the service quality and satisfaction in the budget hotels operating in the UK. The principal aim of this research will be met by following objectives: To identify factors affecting service quality in UK budget hotels; To explore the consumers perceptions of service quality in UK budget hotels; To explore the consumers expectations for service quality in UK budget hotels; To report the gap between the perceptions and expectations for service quality in UK budget hotels; To study the factors affecting the customer satisfaction in the budget hotels Literature Review Importance of Service Quality The effectiveness and importance of the service quality according to the academics and marketing experts will be researched and written Importance of Customer Satisfaction The effectiveness and importance of the service quality according to the academics and marketing experts will be researched and written Service Quality in Hospitality Industry The quality of service is a much researched subject in the hospitality arena. According to the authors Benà ­tez, Martà ­n and Romà ¡n (2007), Hotels provide an ample range of services to customers, including lodging services, reception, meals, room service, among others. Service quality can be regarded as a composite measure of various attributes. It not only consists of tangible attributes but also intangible/subjective attributes such as safety, quietness, which are difficult to measure accurately and usually studied throughout linguistic information. Thus details and expert views on what constitutes service quality will be researched here. Measurement of service Quality SERVQUAL instrument by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry is the most popular one used in the measurement of quality of service today in the hospitality industry. This is the one which will be used here as well for the measurement of service quality Measurement of customer satisfaction The ways of measuring customer satisfaction are varied from periodic surveys to continuous ones. The best and most popular methods will be studied here. Methodology of Research To assess the service quality and customer satisfaction levels in the firm chosen a number of factors will have to be studied. Both primary and secondary data will be used to understand this. A budget hotel chain in the UK will be chosen and firstly secondary data will be gathered on that organisation to understand its marketing strategies and the overall strategic direction the firm has undertaken. Then a questionnaire will be developed for the survey that will be carried out to gather primary data on that organisation and its customers. Rationale for Research There has been tremendous increase in the number of budget accommodations in the UK and surge in demand created increase in the supply with lots of new budget hotels creeping up in the pre-recession growth years. This led the hotels to compete on prices and service quality was side-lined but the view today is changing and the hotels are feeling that there is a need to focus on the customer satisfaction and quality of service being offered in the budget hotels to gain a sustainable competitive advantage amongst the increase in the competition. However, globally the hotel sector is experiencing the decline in service quality and consumers satisfaction. Decline is perceived by the consumer, because in 1990s consumers expectations were raised to the standard that hotels couldnt sustain and exceed (Briggs, Sutherland, Drummond, 2007:1009). Similar pattern has also been noticed in relation to the budget hotels where, constant updates of tangible and intangible aspects in budged hotels resu lted to development of upper budget hotel type, with the provision of full-service three star hotel facilities (Fiorentino, 1995: 457). There has been a lot of research in the field of service quality and customer satisfaction in the hospitality sector but there is very little such research done in the budget hotel segment which is one of the fastest growing segments in the hospitality industry today. Hence this research attempts to study and evaluate the factors that affect customer satisfaction and service quality. Selection of Research Methodology Secondary data will be used to meet the research objectives. A range of academic journals and other literature will be used to understand the already published experts views and data on the subject. As author Churchill (2001) suggested the data to be collected for this research will be decided on the different aspect of the research and their importance and relevance to this study. Questionnaire Design A structured questionnaire will be designed for the purpose of this study. It will have questions relating to the customer satisfaction and service quality regarding the chosen hotel. The service quality will be based on SERVQUAL elements of Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. The SERVQUAL is the most popular and commonly used tool for measuring the quality of service in the hospitality sector. The questionnaire will also include question on customer satisfaction. Analysis and Results The data gathered from the survey will be analysed to gain insight into the results and to find the levels of satisfaction and the quality of service offered by the company. The results will be given in both tabulated form as well. Discussion and Recommendation This chapter will discuss the results found and the insight generated by the analysis. It will then give the recommendations for managers Conclusion: This will list the findings of the study and the recommendations for the future studies as well as the limitations of this study

Auroville :: Philosophy Essays

Auroville The question often comes up, what environment would allow us to easily embody our beliefs and lead a life free of hypocrisy. Communities are an excellent, even if not the only solution. The gathering of diverse people based on a similarity in their aspirations and interests forms a whole that is greater than the sum of the parts. One of the most successful attempts at forming such a community is Auroville, located in southern India. Auroville came into existence in 1968 and, at that time, comprised largely of the followers of the Mother. The Mother was a French disciple of the Indian philosopher Sri Aurobindo who became a spiritual leader in her own right. The Mother wanted Auroville to be a city of human unity and international understanding and she formed the Auroville Charter: 1. Auroville belongs to nobody in particular. Auroville belongs to humanity as a whole. But to live in Auroville one must be a willing servitor of the Divine Consciousness. 2. Auroville will be the place of an unending education, of constant progress, and a youth that never ages. 3. Auroville wants to be the bridge between the past and the future. Taking advantage of all discoveries from without and from within, Auroville will boldly spring toward future realizations. 4. Auroville will be a site of material and spiritual researches for a living embodiment of an actual Human Unity. Although the Mother’s Charter is almost exclusively spiritual in its content, almost from the very beginning the citizens of Auroville added a strong earth-care focus to the founding ideals of the community. Today, Auroville has grown into a community of almost 2000 people from nearly 30 different countries. The main township consists of four zones at the center – the industrial, cultural, residential and the international. This is surrounded by an afforested green belt. The town is divided into about 80 ‘sub-communities’ of various sizes, separated by village and temple lands. The citizens of Auroville are encouraged to take part in any activity that is in accordance with the community’s ideals. This does include profit-making business as well. The activities of the people include afforestation, organic agriculture, educational research, health care, village development, renewable energy, town planning and cultural services. The township now organically grows about 40% of its food and generates 35% of its own electrical and thermal energy.